SanteRomande.ch - Everest : Urgences au camp de base - Sites web en relation avec le sujet de l'émission 36.9°

Everest : Urgences au camp de base

Les adeptes des trekkings dans l’Himalaya ou la Cordillère des Andes sont de plus en plus nombreux. Se payer des 5'000 ou des 6'000 mètres est devenu à la portée de tout le monde et les agences de voyage multiplient les offres. Pourtant, cette nouvelle forme de tourisme peut être dangereuse. L’œdème cérébral et pulmonaire provoqué par le mal des montagnes cause chaque année de plus en plus de morts. Un reportage tourné au camp de base de l’Everest.

Le trekking: description, destinations et programmes

Everest trekking
Le programme par niveau, les étapes et les tarifs pour le trekking de l'Everest et des autres destinations du Nepal.
Source: http://www.tibet-nepal.org (fr)

Trekking et randonnees au Nepal avec Nepal Ecology Treks
Les bénéfices réalisés par l'agence Népal Tibet Ladakh, par ces trekkings, randonnées et voyages, servent uniquement au fonctionnement d'un dispensaire gratuit (plus de 25000 personnes soignées gratuitement par an) dans les Hélambus au Népal, au parrainage scolaire d'enfants déshérités et à l'aide d'un orphelinat d'enfants tibétains au Tibet.
Source: http://www.ecologytrek.com (fr)

Tour du Wildhorn
Le tour du Wildhorn est une grande randonnée pédestre de quatre jours autour du massif du Wildhorn entre les cantons de Berne et du Valais (Suisse): Itiniéraires, Hébergement..etc.
Source: http://www.tourduwildhorn.ch/ (fr)

Trekking.
Swiss site describing various trekking destinations in the world, including Nepal.
Source: http://swissmountainguide.com (en)

Le mal des montagnes

Mal aigu des montagnes
Site, fait par un médecin, le Dr Ph Rault, consacré aux urgences médicales et qui explique en quelques mots la physiopathologie, la clinique et le traitement du mal aigu des montagnes.
28.07.06
Source: http://www.adrenaline112.org (fr)

Le Mal Aigu des Montagnes et ses complications
Article de la fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade qui présente entre autre les contre-indications au trekking en haute altitude.
2007
Source: http://www.ffme.fr (fr)

Cahier pratique: Le mal des montagnes
Site dédié à l'Himalaya, au Népal et au trekking contenant un excellent dossier sur le mal aigue des montagnes, ses symptômes, comment les reconnaitre et quelques règles à suivre pour y rémédier. Une vidéo très instructive figure en fin d'article.
2006
Source: http://www.zonehimalaya.net (fr)

Acute mountain sickness
Article about acute mountain sickness with various topics: definition, causes, exams and tests, possible complications, prevention, etc.
6.21.2007
Source: http://apps.uwhealth.org (en)

Dernières publications sur les risques du trekking et les traitements

Awareness, prevalence, medication use, and risk factors of acute mountain sickness in tourists trekking around the Annapurnas in Nepal: a 12-year follow-up
In conclusion, in 1998 as compared to 1986, trekkers were older, climbed more slowly, had better awareness of altitude illness, used more medication, and suffered less from AMS.
HUG-Gaillard S, Dellasanta P, Loutan L, Kayser B- 2004
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)

Chronic hypoxia, physical exercise and PSA: correlation during high-altitude trekking (2004 K2 expedition)
The study was performed during trekking between 3,200 and 5,600 meters of altitude on K2 mountain for 26 days. Mean serum PSA values before and after exposure did not show significant difference due to physical exercise. These data indicate that physical exercise or mountain hypoxia do not affect the diagnostic validity of PSA.
2007
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)

Effects of hiking downhill using trekking poles while carrying external loads
The use of hiking poles has been demonstrated to be successful in reducing forces placed on the lower extremities.
Conclusion: A reduction in the forces, moments, and power around the joint, with the use of poles, will help reduce the loading on the joints of the lower extremity.
Jan 2007
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)

Multifocal electroretinography changes in the macula at high altitude: a report of three cases
High-altitude hypobaric hypoxia affects the function of the highly sensitive macula region. This suggests that the exposure of persons with macula diseases such as age-related macula degeneration, tapetoretinal degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy to high altitudes may influence the disease progression. For this reason, this population should avoid prolonged and unnecessary high-altitude exposure without proper acclimatization.
Nov-Dec 2005
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)

Acute mountain sickness is associated with sleep desaturation at high altitude
It is concluded that desaturation during sleep has a biologically important association with AMS, and it is speculated that under similar conditions (trekking) it is an important cause of AMS.
Nov 2004
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)

Himalayan porter's specialization: metabolic power, economy, efficiency and skill
It has been previously shown that, when carrying loads on level terrain, porters' metabolic economy is higher than in Caucasians but the reasons are still unknown.
A different oscillation pattern of the loaded head-trunk segment, together with the analysis of the different components of the mechanical work during load carrying, suggests that achieved motor skills in balancing the loaded body segment above the hip could play a role in determining the better economy of porters.
7 november 2007.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)

Prevention of acute mountain sickness by acetazolamide in Nepali porters: a double-blind controlled trial
Acetazolamide was tolerable, but impractical for the routine prevention of AMS in Nepali porters. A good trekking schedule and adequate acclimatization remain the most effective preventive measures. This study identified lowland porters as a high-risk group for developing AMS.
Summer 2006.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (en)